Legal dictionary · Area 11 of 17
Labor / Employment Law — EN · ES · IT.
36 terms from Labor / Employment Law, each with its Spanish and Italian equivalent and a plain-language definition. Open any term for its own page.
Employment relationships in Spain, Latin America and Italy are governed by statute and collective agreements to a degree that at-will U.S. employment does not approach. Terms such as despido improcedente, licenziamento illegittimo, finiquito, TFR or contrato indefinido describe rights and payments that have no U.S. counterpart, and severance calculations follow statutory formulas. Certified translations of employment contracts, dismissal letters and pay records — frequently required for work visas and labor certifications — keep those terms recognisable and explain the entitlement behind them.
Employment contract
ENEmployment contract — An agreement between employer and employee.
ESContrato de trabajo
ITContratto di lavoro
Employer
ENEmployer — A person or entity that hires workers.
ESEmpleador / Patrón
ITDatore di lavoro
Employee / Worker
ENEmployee / Worker — A person who works under an employer's direction.
ESTrabajador / Empleado
ITLavoratore dipendente
Wage / Salary
ENWage / Salary — Payment for work performed.
ESSalario / Remuneración / Sueldo
ITRetribuzione / Salario / Stipendio
Minimum wage
ENMinimum wage — The lowest wage legally payable to workers.
ESSalario mínimo
ITSalario minimo
Working hours
ENWorking hours — The hours an employee is required to work.
ESJornada laboral
ITOrario di lavoro
Overtime
ENOvertime — Work beyond normal hours, usually paid at a higher rate.
ESHoras extra
ITLavoro straordinario
Leave / Holidays
ENLeave / Holidays — Authorised time off from work.
ESLicencia / Vacaciones
ITFerie / Congedo
Sick leave
ENSick leave — Authorised paid absence due to illness.
ESLicencia por enfermedad
ITCongedo per malattia
Maternity / Parental leave
ENMaternity / Parental leave — Leave granted around the birth or care of a child.
ESLicencia por maternidad / paternidad
ITCongedo di maternità / parentale
Dismissal / Termination
ENDismissal / Termination — The ending of employment by the employer.
ESDespido
ITLicenziamento
Unfair dismissal
ENUnfair dismissal — Termination without valid legal cause.
ESDespido injustificado / sin causa
ITLicenziamento illegittimo
Dismissal for cause
ENDismissal for cause — Termination justified by serious misconduct.
ESDespido con justa causa
ITLicenziamento per giusta causa
Severance pay
ENSeverance pay — Compensation paid on termination of employment.
ESIndemnización por despido / antigüedad
ITIndennità di fine rapporto / TFR
Notice period
ENNotice period — The advance warning required before ending employment.
ESPreaviso
ITPreavviso
Collective bargaining
ENCollective bargaining — Negotiation of terms between employers and unions.
ESNegociación colectiva
ITContrattazione collettiva
Collective agreement
ENCollective agreement — An agreement setting employment terms for a group.
ESConvenio colectivo de trabajo
ITContratto collettivo
Trade union
ENTrade union — An organisation representing workers' interests.
ESSindicato
ITSindacato
Workplace safety
ENWorkplace safety — Measures protecting workers' health and safety.
ESSeguridad e higiene laboral
ITSicurezza sul lavoro
Occupational accident
ENOccupational accident — An injury occurring in the course of employment.
ESAccidente de trabajo
ITInfortunio sul lavoro
Occupational disease
ENOccupational disease — Illness caused by working conditions.
ESEnfermedad profesional
ITMalattia professionale
Social security
ENSocial security — State systems providing benefits to workers.
ESSeguridad social
ITPrevidenza sociale
Pension
ENPension — Regular payment to a retired or disabled person.
ESJubilación / Pensión
ITPensione
Discrimination (workplace)
ENDiscrimination (workplace) — Unfair treatment based on protected characteristics.
ESDiscriminación laboral
ITDiscriminazione
Harassment / Mobbing
ENHarassment / Mobbing — Persistent mistreatment of a worker.
ESAcoso laboral / Mobbing
ITMolestie / Mobbing
Probationary period
ENProbationary period — An initial trial period of employment.
ESPeríodo de prueba
ITPeriodo di prova
Subordination
ENSubordination — The employee's submission to the employer's authority.
ESRelación de dependencia
ITSubordinazione
Independent contractor
ENIndependent contractor — A self-employed person providing services.
ESTrabajador autónomo / Monotributista
ITLavoratore autonomo
Job description
ENJob description — The duties and scope of an employee's role.
ESDescripción del puesto
ITMansione / Profilo professionale
Reinstatement
ENReinstatement — Restoring a worker to their job after dismissal.
ESReincorporación / Reinstalación
ITReintegrazione
Constructive dismissal
ENConstructive dismissal — A resignation forced by the employer's conduct.
ESDespido indirecto
ITDimissioni per giusta causa
Layoff / Redundancy
ENLayoff / Redundancy — Termination due to economic or organisational reasons.
ESDespido por reducción / Suspensión
ITLicenziamento collettivo / Esubero
Non-compete clause
ENNon-compete clause — An agreement limiting a worker's future competition.
ESCláusula de no competencia
ITPatto di non concorrenza
Profit sharing
ENProfit sharing — Distribution of company profits to employees.
ESParticipación en las ganancias
ITPartecipazione agli utili
Other areas of the dictionary
- General & Procedural Law
- Court Personnel & Legal Professionals
- Civil Law & Obligations
- Contract Law
- Criminal Law & Procedure
- Tort / Civil Liability
- Property & Real Estate Law
- Family & Succession Law
- Commercial, Corporate & Company Law
- Constitutional & Administrative Law
- Tax & Financial Law
- Intellectual Property Law
- Notarial, Apostille & Certification
- Latin Legal Terms & Maxims
- Immigration & Citizenship
- Banking, Insurance & Finance
- All areas — dictionary index
This page is for general orientation only. It is not legal advice and does not substitute for advice from licensed counsel in the relevant jurisdiction. Terminology varies between countries and between civil-law and common-law systems; the equivalents shown here are the most common in cross-border practice.
Need a term translated in context?
Send the document or passage and the target jurisdiction. Carol will respond with a quote and a recommended approach — usually within one business day.
Request a quote →